People like creativity. Creativity takes the form of art. There are many types of art such as drawing, painting, sculpture, photography and literature. The purpose of works of art may be to communicate ideas, such as in politically, spiritually, or philosophically motivated art; to create a sense of beauty (aesthetics); to explore the nature of perception; for pleasure; or to generate strong emotions.
Literature is an art of written work. (In other words, any written work of artistic merit is literature.) The word literature literally means ‘things made from letters’.
A written work has two things to be considered.
1) What is written?
2) How is it written?
a. The answer for the former one is that it says about something.
b. The answer for the latter one is that it employs some form.
i. The former one is called theme / matter / substance.
ii. The latter one is called technique / manner / structure.
Therefore, a written work or a literary work says about something in some form and has a theme and a technique (matter and manner or substance and structure).
Theme could only be either real or non-real (imaginary) / facts or fiction.
Therefore, theme is either fiction or non-fiction.
Technique, on the basis of the structure of sentences, could only be either verse or prose.
Note:
1) Prose: This is a structure of sentence which obeys complete grammatical rules.
2) Verse: This is a structure of sentence which does not obey grammatical rules completely but is accepted as a high form and opens the doors for multiple interpretations.
Technique, based on the number of first persons, could only be either single or many.
1) If the first person is single, it is Poetry in verse form and Prose in prose form.
2) If the first persons are many, it is drama or a play. This can either employ both the forms (verse and prose) or any one in particular.
Note:
1) First person: This is the position where the speaker stands in the literary work.
2) Number of first persons: There can be a single speaker, a predominant speaker among many or multiple speakers in the literary work.
3) Poetry: This has a single speaker or a predominant one among many, in the literary work.
4) Prose: This has a single speaker, a predominant one among many, in the literary work.
5) Drama (or a play): This has multiple speakers in the literary work.
Note: This table is meant for understanding. This cannot be taken into account for addition to the main development table. Therefore, the order of the preceding table will be taken for further development.
Poetry employs verse form.
Prose employs prose form.
Drama can either employ both the forms (verse and prose) or any one in particular.
Techniques, based on the mode of discourse, are three in number.
This part of classification is based on the theme of the literary work. The theme is that it says about something. It describes. It can only describe either an object, a concept or a story.
1) If it describes an object (either concrete or abstract), it is called descriptive.
2) If it describes a concept, it is called expository.
3) If it describes a story, it is called a narrative.
Therefore, techniques are classified on the basis of
1. Structure of sentences
2. Number of first persons
3. Modes of discourse
Considering poetry separately, we have the different types as follows:
Considering prose separately, we have the different types as follows:
Literature is an art of written work. (In other words, any written work of artistic merit is literature.) The word literature literally means ‘things made from letters’.
Literature
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1) What is written?
2) How is it written?
a. The answer for the former one is that it says about something.
b. The answer for the latter one is that it employs some form.
i. The former one is called theme / matter / substance.
ii. The latter one is called technique / manner / structure.
Therefore, a written work or a literary work says about something in some form and has a theme and a technique (matter and manner or substance and structure).
Literature
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Theme
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Technique
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Therefore, theme is either fiction or non-fiction.
Literature
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Theme
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Technique
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Fiction or Non-fiction
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Note:
1) Prose: This is a structure of sentence which obeys complete grammatical rules.
2) Verse: This is a structure of sentence which does not obey grammatical rules completely but is accepted as a high form and opens the doors for multiple interpretations.
Literature
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Theme
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Technique
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Fiction or Non-fiction
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Structure of sentences:
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Verse
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Prose
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1) If the first person is single, it is Poetry in verse form and Prose in prose form.
2) If the first persons are many, it is drama or a play. This can either employ both the forms (verse and prose) or any one in particular.
Note:
1) First person: This is the position where the speaker stands in the literary work.
2) Number of first persons: There can be a single speaker, a predominant speaker among many or multiple speakers in the literary work.
3) Poetry: This has a single speaker or a predominant one among many, in the literary work.
4) Prose: This has a single speaker, a predominant one among many, in the literary work.
5) Drama (or a play): This has multiple speakers in the literary work.
Number of first persons
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Single
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Multiple
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Poetry
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Prose
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Drama
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Poetry employs verse form.
Prose employs prose form.
Drama can either employ both the forms (verse and prose) or any one in particular.
Literature
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Theme
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Technique
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Fiction or Non-fiction
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Structure of sentences:
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Verse
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Prose
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Poetry
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Drama
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Prose
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This part of classification is based on the theme of the literary work. The theme is that it says about something. It describes. It can only describe either an object, a concept or a story.
1) If it describes an object (either concrete or abstract), it is called descriptive.
2) If it describes a concept, it is called expository.
3) If it describes a story, it is called a narrative.
Literature
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Theme
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Technique
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Fiction or Non-fiction
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Structure of sentences:
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Verse
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Prose
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Poetry
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Drama
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Prose
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Modes of discourse:
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Modes of discourse:
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Modes of discourse:
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Descriptive or Expository
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Narrative
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Narrative (conversational)
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Descriptive or Expository
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Narrative
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1. Structure of sentences
2. Number of first persons
3. Modes of discourse
Considering poetry separately, we have the different types as follows:
Modes of discourse:
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Descriptive or Expository
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Narrative
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Lyric
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Ode
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Sonnet
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Elegy
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Ballad
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Epic
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Theme:
Description of a thought or an emotion
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Theme:
Description of a prestigious thing
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Theme:
Description of a thought or an emotion
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Theme:
A sad poem (especially mourning)
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Theme:
Narration of a story
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Theme:
Narration of a story
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Technique:
A small poem
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Technique:
A poem relatively longer to lyric
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Technique:
A 14 line poem
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Technique:
A poem
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Technique:
A poem relatively shorter to epic
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Technique:
A very long poem
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Definition:
A small poem describing a thought or an emotion
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Definition:
A poem relatively longer to lyric, describing a prestigious thing
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Definition:
A 14 line poem describing a thought or an emotion
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Definition:
A sad poem (especially mourning)
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Definition:
A short story in verse
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Definition:
A very long story in verse
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Considering prose separately, we have the different types as follows:
Modes of discourse:
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Descriptive or Expository
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Narrative
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Essay
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Short story
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Novel
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Theme:
An outline of any subject or handling of only a branch of it.
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Theme:
Narration of a story
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Theme:
Narration of a story
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Technique:
A short prose piece
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Technique:
A short prose piece
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Technique:
A very long prose piece
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Definition:
A short prose piece describing or explaining an outline of any subject or handling of only a branch of it.
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Definition:
A short story in prose
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Definition:
A very long story in prose
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